Differences between revisions 39 and 58 (spanning 19 versions)

Learning wxPython by Example.

Contents

Contents

Learning wxPython by Example.

A Full Example

The following code shows an example of a wxPython application with a frame containing a menu bar, status bar and panel. The panel contains a label and a button that is bound to an exit function. The menu bar has a Help->About action that is bound to a dialog box. The dialog box shows how to display an HTML message and bring up a link in the user's default browser. You might find this example useful as a starting point that you can adapt. In a larger program it would be best to put the about box code into a separate file so that the main program file does not become too large. If this example is too large to start with then see the second example.

Toggle line numbers

   1 #!/usr/bin/python
   2 # -*- coding: <<encoding>> -*-
   3 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   4 #   <<project>>
   5 # 
   6 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   7 
   8 import wxversion
   9 wxversion.select("2.8")
  10 import wx, wx.html
  11 import sys
  12 
  13 aboutText = """<p>Sorry, there is no information about this program. It is
  14 running on version %(wxpy)s of <b>wxPython</b> and %(python)s of <b>Python</b>.
  15 See <a href="http://wiki.wxpython.org">wxPython Wiki</a></p>""" 
  16 
  17 class HtmlWindow(wx.html.HtmlWindow):
  18     def __init__(self, parent, id, size=(600,400)):
  19         wx.html.HtmlWindow.__init__(self,parent, id, size=size)
  20         if "gtk2" in wx.PlatformInfo:
  21             self.SetStandardFonts()
  22 
  23     def OnLinkClicked(self, link):
  24         wx.LaunchDefaultBrowser(link.GetHref())
  25         
  26 class AboutBox(wx.Dialog):
  27     def __init__(self):
  28         wx.Dialog.__init__(self, None, -1, "About <<project>>",
  29             style=wx.DEFAULT_DIALOG_STYLE|wx.THICK_FRAME|wx.RESIZE_BORDER|
  30                 wx.TAB_TRAVERSAL)
  31         hwin = HtmlWindow(self, -1, size=(400,200))
  32         vers = {}
  33         vers["python"] = sys.version.split()[0]
  34         vers["wxpy"] = wx.VERSION_STRING
  35         hwin.SetPage(aboutText % vers)
  36         btn = hwin.FindWindowById(wx.ID_OK)
  37         irep = hwin.GetInternalRepresentation()
  38         hwin.SetSize((irep.GetWidth()+25, irep.GetHeight()+10))
  39         self.SetClientSize(hwin.GetSize())
  40         self.CentreOnParent(wx.BOTH)
  41         self.SetFocus()
  42 
  43 class Frame(wx.Frame):
  44     def __init__(self, title):
  45         wx.Frame.__init__(self, None, title=title, pos=(150,150), size=(350,200))
  46         self.Bind(wx.EVT_CLOSE, self.OnClose)
  47 
  48         menuBar = wx.MenuBar()
  49         menu = wx.Menu()
  50         m_exit = menu.Append(wx.ID_EXIT, "E&xit\tAlt-X", "Close window and exit program.")
  51         self.Bind(wx.EVT_MENU, self.OnClose, m_exit)
  52         menuBar.Append(menu, "&File")
  53         menu = wx.Menu()
  54         m_about = menu.Append(wx.ID_ABOUT, "&About", "Information about this program")
  55         self.Bind(wx.EVT_MENU, self.OnAbout, m_about)
  56         menuBar.Append(menu, "&Help")
  57         self.SetMenuBar(menuBar)
  58         
  59         self.statusbar = self.CreateStatusBar()
  60 
  61         panel = wx.Panel(self)
  62         box = wx.BoxSizer(wx.VERTICAL)
  63         
  64         m_text = wx.StaticText(panel, -1, "Hello World!")
  65         m_text.SetFont(wx.Font(14, wx.SWISS, wx.NORMAL, wx.BOLD))
  66         m_text.SetSize(m_text.GetBestSize())
  67         box.Add(m_text, 0, wx.ALL, 10)
  68         
  69         m_close = wx.Button(panel, wx.ID_CLOSE, "Close")
  70         m_close.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.OnClose)
  71         box.Add(m_close, 0, wx.ALL, 10)
  72         
  73         panel.SetSizer(box)
  74         panel.Layout()
  75 
  76     def OnClose(self, event):
  77         dlg = wx.MessageDialog(self, 
  78             "Do you really want to close this application?",
  79             "Confirm Exit", wx.OK|wx.CANCEL|wx.ICON_QUESTION)
  80         result = dlg.ShowModal()
  81         dlg.Destroy()
  82         if result == wx.ID_OK:
  83             self.Destroy()
  84 
  85     def OnAbout(self, event):
  86         dlg = AboutBox()
  87         dlg.ShowModal()
  88         dlg.Destroy()  
  89 
  90 app = wx.App(redirect=True)   # Error messages go to popup window
  91 top = Frame("<<project>>")
  92 top.Show()
  93 app.MainLoop()

A Bare-Bones Application

The following is a minimum wxPython application in the tradition of Hello World:

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   1 import wx
   2 
   3 app = wx.App(redirect=True)
   4 top = wx.Frame(None, title="Hello World", size=(300,200))
   5 top.Show()
   6 app.MainLoop()

The first thing to do in the main program is to create the wx.App object that provides the event loop. You need to do this first because some other objects use it behind the scenes. The redirect=True option
The topmost GUI interface element, or widget, is the wx.Frame. All it consists of is an empty rectangular frame with a title bar. In all but this very basic example the frame would be sub-classed to allow the definition of further widgets and call-back functions within it.
The frame and its contents are not displayed automatically. You must explicitly call the Show() function.
At this point the application is visible on the screen but is not responding to events. You must call the MainLoop function to do this but note that once started the event loop never returns. Although no events have been defined explicitly there are some event handlers provided by wxPython. If you click on the X icon on the title bar the application receives a wx.EVT_CLOSE event that tells the application to terminate.

Sub-Classing the Frame

It is common practice use an object-orientated approach as shown here. However, a procedural structure is equally valid and is shown in a subsequent section. To develop this application further you need to add your own frame object before you can add functionality to the wx.Frame.

Toggle line numbers

   1 import wx
   2 
   3 class Frame(wx.Frame):
   4     def __init__(self, title):
   5         wx.Frame.__init__(self, None, title=title, size=(350,200))
   6 
   7 app = wx.App(redirect=True)
   8 top = Frame("Hello World")
   9 top.Show()
  10 app.MainLoop()

If you are not very familiar with using objects in Python you should look closely at this example as sub-classing is used quite frequently in wxPython. In this example the Frame class is based on wx.Frame. Any functions that appear in the derived class will hide those of the same name in the base class. This commonly applies to the __init__ function that is called automatically when a new object is defined. In this case the statement is top = Frame("Hello World"). It is necessary for the derived class to call the __init__ function in the base class explicitly. Note that the first argument is self so that the base class knows what object is being initialized.

Adding an Event Handler

Toggle line numbers

   1 class Frame(wx.Frame):
   2     def __init__(self, title):
   3         wx.Frame.__init__(self, None, title=title, size=(350,200))
   4         self.Bind(wx.EVT_CLOSE, self.OnClose)
   5 
   6     def OnClose(self, event):
   7         dlg = wx.MessageDialog(self, 
   8             "Do you really want to close this application?",
   9             "Confirm Exit", wx.OK|wx.CANCEL|wx.ICON_QUESTION)
  10         result = dlg.ShowModal()
  11         dlg.Destroy()
  12         if result == wx.ID_OK:
  13             self.Destroy()

This example shows how to add a function that will handle the wx.EVT_CLOSE event that is generated when the user clicks on the X icon on the title bar of the frame. The Bind() function tells the event loop the name of the function to call when the event is detected. It is a useful convention to start the name of any event handlers with "On". This helps to ensure that the function name does not clash with one in the base class.

The OnClose function illustrates how to use a message dialog. The ShowModal function not only displays the dialog but also waits for the user to click on one of the buttons. The result is either wx.ID_OK or wx.ID_CANCEL. The Destroy function is used to terminate the application when the OK button is pressed. If self.Close() had been used instead of self.Destroy() the program would get into a loop as a further wx.EVT_CLOSE event would be issued.

An Alternative Program Structure

Since there is only one wx.Frame object there is no need to sub-class it and you can write the whole program as a simple procedure. Since the event handler, OnClose() is no longer a member function of the frame object there is no self argument and so global variables are used instead.

Toggle line numbers

   1 import wx
   2 
   3 def OnClose(event):
   4     dlg = wx.MessageDialog(top, 
   5         "Do you really want to close this application?",
   6         "Confirm Exit", wx.OK|wx.CANCEL|wx.ICON_QUESTION)
   7     result = dlg.ShowModal()
   8     dlg.Destroy()
   9     if result == wx.ID_OK:
  10         top.Destroy()
  11 
  12 app = wx.App(redirect=True)
  13 top = wx.Frame(None, title="Hello World", size=(300,200))
  14 top.Bind(wx.EVT_CLOSE, OnClose)
  15 top.Show()
  16 app.MainLoop()

Adding Content to the Frame

This example shows how to add a menu bar, a status bar and a panel containing a button. The menu bar has only a single File menu but this is extended with a Help menu in the final example.

Toggle line numbers

   1 class Frame(wx.Frame):
   2     def __init__(self, title):
   3         wx.Frame.__init__(self, None, title=title, pos=(150,150), size=(350,200))
   4         self.Bind(wx.EVT_CLOSE, self.OnClose)
   5 
   6         menuBar = wx.MenuBar()
   7         menu = wx.Menu()
   8         m_exit = menu.Append(wx.ID_EXIT, "E&xit\tAlt-X", "Close window and exit program.")
   9         self.Bind(wx.EVT_MENU, self.OnClose, m_exit)
  10         menuBar.Append(menu, "&File")
  11         self.SetMenuBar(menuBar)
  12         
  13         self.statusbar = self.CreateStatusBar()
  14 
  15         panel = wx.Panel(self)
  16         box = wx.BoxSizer(wx.VERTICAL)
  17         
  18         m_text = wx.StaticText(panel, -1, "Hello World!")
  19         m_text.SetFont(wx.Font(14, wx.SWISS, wx.NORMAL, wx.BOLD))
  20         m_text.SetSize(m_text.GetBestSize())
  21         box.Add(m_text, 0, wx.ALL, 10)
  22         
  23         m_close = wx.Button(panel, wx.ID_CLOSE, "Close")
  24         m_close.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.OnClose)
  25         box.Add(m_close, 0, wx.ALL, 10)
  26         
  27         panel.SetSizer(box)
  28         panel.Layout()

The full example is based on the wxPython template that is used in the Luke-SDK IDE.

-  ⇤ ← Revision 39 as of 2006-09-17 19:54:15 → 
  Size: 7169
  Editor: user-54425e73
  Comment: Added reference to ShowMeDo's five wx beginner videos
+   ← Revision 58 as of 2012-06-28 08:10:48 → ⇥
  Size: 10371
  Editor: SWM-HIGH-SPEED2-22
  Comment: Made code use python highlight
-Deletions are marked like this.
+Additions are marked like this.
 Line 1:
-= How to learn wxPython. =

[[TableOfContents]]

We have had a lot of questions on the newsgroup asking how to go about
learning wxPython.  This page gives some pointers on how to do just that.

First of all, if you are new to Python, and especially if you are new
to programming in general, it makes the most sense to learn Python
itself first, without any GUI stuff. This can be frustrating if your
goal is to write GUI programs, and particularly if you have experience
with an environment like Visual Basic in which GUI programming is
integrated into the environment. It is worth it, however, to take some
time to learn about Python. Python is a very powerful language capable
of doing many things both with and without GUIs.

Without first understanding topics such as functions, modules, and
classes, adding wxPython to the mix will only increase the confusion.

Using wxPython requires a pretty good understanding of Object Oriented
(OO) programming in Python, and all of the tutorials and references that
I will refer to later assume this knowledge.


== Learn Python ==

The Python website has an excellent guide for beginners that takes you step-by-step through the process of learning the language. http://www.python.org/about/gettingstarted/

== Learn wxPython ==
Once you have a fundamental understanding of programming in Python, you
can start to learn wxPython for GUI programming. I suggest starting with the wxPython wiki ["Getting Started"] section.

Another couple of good places to look in the Wiki are the ObstacleCourse and the FullyFunctionalDemo.

There is also a very old, brief Tutorial available. You can find it here:

http://wxpython.org/tutorial.php

It can be helpful, but it is written using an outdated coding style, so read the ["wxPython Style Guide"] before viewing it.

It can be helpful, but it is written using an outdated coding style, so read the ["wxPython Style Guide"] before viewing it.

`wx.Frame`, rather than the old wxFrame.

Between these two, you should have a basic grasp of how wxPython works,
and be ready to make your own application. To do this, you will want two
things: examples and a reference.

== Choose a Good Editor ==
Features such as auto-completion, code highlighting, and an interactive window
make for faster programming with less errors.

See http://wiki.python.org/moin/PythonEditors for a list of editors.

== The Comprehensive Demo Files ==
The wxPython demo is your best source of examples. It is distributed
with wxPython, and demonstrates virtually all the features of
wxPython. When you run it, you can see how different features work, and
see the source code that made it happen. Many of us look for something
in the demo that is close to what we want to do, copy it, and then alter
it to fit our needs.

If you can't find it in your installation:
Here are the most recent versions are downloadable from Source''''''Forge.  Just
get the wxPython''''''Demo archive from that has the same version number as your
wxPython installation from here: https://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=10718

Another source of examples is the ["wxPython Cookbook"].

== Play with the Demo Code ==
Once you find a control you are interested in using, copy the demo code to your editor
and delete all the unnecessary code until you find the statements that "do the work."
Then experiment with changing the arguments passed to the controls constructor until
you understand how it works.  Only then add the control to a larger application you are developing.

== Study Other People's Code ==
Charles Simonyi, the legendary Microsoft programmer, grew up in Hungary and had
few books available to him from which to learn computer science.  He was able
to get the source code for a compiler and studied the printouts as musicians
would study musical scores.

There are quite a few gems in the sample code that is distributed with wxPython but
are not in the Demo program, e.g., FrogEdit and its underlying wx.lib.editor module.
I had assumed that an editor would be a wx.TextCtrl on steroids.  I was surprised to
see that the text was drawn to the screen using a DC (device control) and learned
some good techniques.  I am also "reading" Transana and Task Coach, two sophisticated applications written in Python and wxPython, to learn how large applications are structured. There is a huge difference between the small examples on this wiki, and actual real-world code, so the process of analyzing large applications is integral to learning wxPython.

[http://ShowMeDo.com ShowMeDo.com] hosts a set of [http://showmedo.com/videos/series?name=PythonWxPythonBeginnersSeries five tutorial videos]
which will be useful to those just starting with wxPython.

== The API ==
The reference manual for wxPython is the same as the reference for the
C++ version of wxWidgets, and can be found here:

[http://www.wxpython.org/onlinedocs.php]

As of this writing, that version is a bit out of date, so you can try the wxWidgets site instead:

[http://www.wxwidgets.org/manuals/2.6.2/wx_contents.html]

It is written in C++ syntax, with notes inserted when the Python
implementation differs from the C++. The fact that the docs are written
for C++ is unfortunate, not because they aren't useful to Python
programmers, but because is can be very intimidating to new users who
don't know C++. In fact, many Python programmers who don't know a bit of
C++ find that the docs can be very useful. It only takes a little while
to learn to translate from the C++ in the docs to the equivalent
Python. One of the best ways to learn to do this is to compare code from
the examples in the wxPython demo to what is in the reference manual.  There
is also the ["C++GuideForwxPythoneers"] page on this site to help you further.

There is also a new, automatically generated reference in Python syntax. You can find it here:

[http://www.wxpython.org/docs/api/]

I keep the wxWidgets documentation open in one window and the wxPython Demo
in another as I use PythonWin to develop my programs.  I often refer to
these resources often and copy code into my application.

== Coding Style ==

It will serve you well to use a nice, modern style for your wxPython code. Due to API changes over the years, and just plain experience, wxPython code style has changed quite a bit over the years, and gotten much more Pythonic.

Unfortunately, a lot of the examples you'll find have not been updated to reflect this style. As you will benefit from using good, modern, style, make sure to study ["wxPython Style Guide"] right when you get started, to establish good habits.

== Live Help ==

The wxPython-users mailing list is famous for its helpful and friendly members. You can subscribe to it here: http://wxpython.org/maillist.php.
I often find techniques that I may need for the future and save them to a special folder.
After I developed some ability in wxPython, I try to solve some of the questions posed
to the community before I read the answer posted by a more experienced programmer.

= Comments =
+= Learning wxPython by Example. =

'''Contents'''
<<TableOfContents(2)>>

== A Full Example ==

The following code shows an example of a wxPython application with a frame containing a menu bar, status bar and panel. The panel contains a label and a button that is bound to an exit function. The menu bar has a Help->About action that is bound to a dialog box.  The dialog box shows how to display an HTML message and bring up a link in the user's default browser. You might find this example useful as a starting point that you can adapt. In a larger program it would be best to put the about box code into a separate file so that the main program file does not become too large. If this example is too large to start with then see the second example.

{{{
#!python
#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: <<encoding>> -*-
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#   <<project>>
# 
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

import wxversion
wxversion.select("2.8")
import wx, wx.html
import sys

aboutText = """<p>Sorry, there is no information about this program. It is
running on version %(wxpy)s of <b>wxPython</b> and %(python)s of <b>Python</b>.
See <a href="http://wiki.wxpython.org">wxPython Wiki</a></p>""" 

class HtmlWindow(wx.html.HtmlWindow):
    def __init__(self, parent, id, size=(600,400)):
        wx.html.HtmlWindow.__init__(self,parent, id, size=size)
        if "gtk2" in wx.PlatformInfo:
            self.SetStandardFonts()

    def OnLinkClicked(self, link):
        wx.LaunchDefaultBrowser(link.GetHref())
        
class AboutBox(wx.Dialog):
    def __init__(self):
        wx.Dialog.__init__(self, None, -1, "About <<project>>",
            style=wx.DEFAULT_DIALOG_STYLE|wx.THICK_FRAME|wx.RESIZE_BORDER|
                wx.TAB_TRAVERSAL)
        hwin = HtmlWindow(self, -1, size=(400,200))
        vers = {}
        vers["python"] = sys.version.split()[0]
        vers["wxpy"] = wx.VERSION_STRING
        hwin.SetPage(aboutText % vers)
        btn = hwin.FindWindowById(wx.ID_OK)
        irep = hwin.GetInternalRepresentation()
        hwin.SetSize((irep.GetWidth()+25, irep.GetHeight()+10))
        self.SetClientSize(hwin.GetSize())
        self.CentreOnParent(wx.BOTH)
        self.SetFocus()

class Frame(wx.Frame):
    def __init__(self, title):
        wx.Frame.__init__(self, None, title=title, pos=(150,150), size=(350,200))
        self.Bind(wx.EVT_CLOSE, self.OnClose)

        menuBar = wx.MenuBar()
        menu = wx.Menu()
        m_exit = menu.Append(wx.ID_EXIT, "E&xit\tAlt-X", "Close window and exit program.")
        self.Bind(wx.EVT_MENU, self.OnClose, m_exit)
        menuBar.Append(menu, "&File")
        menu = wx.Menu()
        m_about = menu.Append(wx.ID_ABOUT, "&About", "Information about this program")
        self.Bind(wx.EVT_MENU, self.OnAbout, m_about)
        menuBar.Append(menu, "&Help")
        self.SetMenuBar(menuBar)
        
        self.statusbar = self.CreateStatusBar()

        panel = wx.Panel(self)
        box = wx.BoxSizer(wx.VERTICAL)
        
        m_text = wx.StaticText(panel, -1, "Hello World!")
        m_text.SetFont(wx.Font(14, wx.SWISS, wx.NORMAL, wx.BOLD))
        m_text.SetSize(m_text.GetBestSize())
        box.Add(m_text, 0, wx.ALL, 10)
        
        m_close = wx.Button(panel, wx.ID_CLOSE, "Close")
        m_close.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.OnClose)
        box.Add(m_close, 0, wx.ALL, 10)
        
        panel.SetSizer(box)
        panel.Layout()

    def OnClose(self, event):
        dlg = wx.MessageDialog(self, 
            "Do you really want to close this application?",
            "Confirm Exit", wx.OK|wx.CANCEL|wx.ICON_QUESTION)
        result = dlg.ShowModal()
        dlg.Destroy()
        if result == wx.ID_OK:
            self.Destroy()

    def OnAbout(self, event):
        dlg = AboutBox()
        dlg.ShowModal()
        dlg.Destroy()  

app = wx.App(redirect=True)   # Error messages go to popup window
top = Frame("<<project>>")
top.Show()
app.MainLoop()
}}}

== A Bare-Bones Application ==

The following is a minimum wxPython application in the tradition of Hello World:

{{{
#!python
import wx

app = wx.App(redirect=True)
top = wx.Frame(None, title="Hello World", size=(300,200))
top.Show()
app.MainLoop()
}}}

 * The first thing to do in the main program is to create the wx.App object that provides the event loop. You need to do this first because some other objects use it behind the scenes. The `redirect=True` option 

 * The topmost GUI interface element, or ''widget'', is the `wx.Frame`. All it consists of is an empty rectangular frame with a title bar. In all but this very basic example the frame would be sub-classed to allow the definition of further widgets and call-back functions within it. 
 * The frame and its contents are not displayed automatically. You must explicitly call the `Show()` function.
 * At this point the application is visible on the screen but is not responding to events. You must call the `MainLoop` function to do this but note that once started the event loop never returns. Although no events have been defined explicitly there are some event handlers provided by wxPython. If you click on the X icon on the title bar the application receives a `wx.EVT_CLOSE` event that tells the application to terminate. 

== Sub-Classing the Frame ==
It is common practice use an object-orientated approach as shown here. However, a procedural structure is equally valid and is shown in a subsequent section.
To develop this application further you need to add your own frame object before you can add functionality to the `wx.Frame`.

{{{
#!python
import wx

class Frame(wx.Frame):
    def __init__(self, title):
        wx.Frame.__init__(self, None, title=title, size=(350,200))

app = wx.App(redirect=True)
top = Frame("Hello World")
top.Show()
app.MainLoop()
}}}

If you are not very familiar with using objects in Python you should look closely at this example as sub-classing is used quite frequently in wxPython. In this example the Frame class is based on `wx.Frame`. Any functions that appear in the derived class will hide those of the same name in the base class. This commonly applies to the `__init__` function that is called automatically when a new object is defined. In this case the statement is `top = Frame("Hello World")`. It is necessary for the derived class to call the `__init__` function in the base class explicitly. Note that the first argument is `self` so that the base class knows what object is being initialized. 

== Adding an Event Handler ==
{{{
#!python
class Frame(wx.Frame):
    def __init__(self, title):
        wx.Frame.__init__(self, None, title=title, size=(350,200))
        self.Bind(wx.EVT_CLOSE, self.OnClose)

    def OnClose(self, event):
        dlg = wx.MessageDialog(self, 
            "Do you really want to close this application?",
            "Confirm Exit", wx.OK|wx.CANCEL|wx.ICON_QUESTION)
        result = dlg.ShowModal()
        dlg.Destroy()
        if result == wx.ID_OK:
            self.Destroy()
}}}

This example shows how to add a function that will handle the `wx.EVT_CLOSE` event that is generated when the user clicks on the X icon on the title bar of the frame. The `Bind()` function tells the event loop the name of the function to call when the event is detected. It is a useful convention to start the name of any event handlers with "On". This helps to ensure that the function name does not clash with one in the base class.

The `OnClose` function illustrates how to use a message dialog. The `ShowModal` function not only displays the dialog but also waits for the user to click on one of the buttons. The result is either `wx.ID_OK` or `wx.ID_CANCEL`. The Destroy function is used to terminate the application when the OK button is pressed. If `self.Close()` had been used instead of `self.Destroy()` the program would get into a loop as a further `wx.EVT_CLOSE` event would be issued.  

== An Alternative Program Structure ==
Since there is only one `wx.Frame` object there is no need to sub-class it and you can write the whole program as a simple procedure. Since the event handler, `OnClose()` is no longer a member function of the frame object there is no `self` argument and so global variables are used instead.

{{{
#!python
import wx

def OnClose(event):
    dlg = wx.MessageDialog(top, 
        "Do you really want to close this application?",
        "Confirm Exit", wx.OK|wx.CANCEL|wx.ICON_QUESTION)
    result = dlg.ShowModal()
    dlg.Destroy()
    if result == wx.ID_OK:
        top.Destroy()

app = wx.App(redirect=True)
top = wx.Frame(None, title="Hello World", size=(300,200))
top.Bind(wx.EVT_CLOSE, OnClose)
top.Show()
app.MainLoop()
}}}

== Adding Content to the Frame ==
This example shows how to add a menu bar, a status bar and a panel containing a button. The menu bar has only a single File menu but this is extended with a Help menu in the final example. 

{{{
#!python
class Frame(wx.Frame):
    def __init__(self, title):
        wx.Frame.__init__(self, None, title=title, pos=(150,150), size=(350,200))
        self.Bind(wx.EVT_CLOSE, self.OnClose)

        menuBar = wx.MenuBar()
        menu = wx.Menu()
        m_exit = menu.Append(wx.ID_EXIT, "E&xit\tAlt-X", "Close window and exit program.")
        self.Bind(wx.EVT_MENU, self.OnClose, m_exit)
        menuBar.Append(menu, "&File")
        self.SetMenuBar(menuBar)
        
        self.statusbar = self.CreateStatusBar()

        panel = wx.Panel(self)
        box = wx.BoxSizer(wx.VERTICAL)
        
        m_text = wx.StaticText(panel, -1, "Hello World!")
        m_text.SetFont(wx.Font(14, wx.SWISS, wx.NORMAL, wx.BOLD))
        m_text.SetSize(m_text.GetBestSize())
        box.Add(m_text, 0, wx.ALL, 10)
        
        m_close = wx.Button(panel, wx.ID_CLOSE, "Close")
        m_close.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.OnClose)
        box.Add(m_close, 0, wx.ALL, 10)
        
        panel.SetSizer(box)
        panel.Layout()

}}}

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The full example is based on the wxPython template that is used in the [[http://luke-sdk.berlios.de|Luke-SDK ]] IDE.

Diff for "wxPython by Example"

Learning wxPython by Example.

A Full Example

A Bare-Bones Application

Sub-Classing the Frame

Adding an Event Handler

An Alternative Program Structure

Adding Content to the Frame