Introduction
This page is meant to be the end-all/be-all for all information relating to using XRC files, both in C++ and in wxPython. If you have come to this page expecting pure Python or pure C++, you will be heavily disappointed. Both languages are given full attention here.
As of right now, there is very little here. This is meant to simply be a placeholder page to get things started. More will be forthcoming as quickly as possible.
XRC Editors
Using XRC with wxPython
Using XRC with wxPython
Opening XRC Files
Embedding XRC Files In Code
Using wxrc
Using pywxrc
["pywxrc"]
Subclassing Controls
Custom Controls
Using XRC with C++
Using XRC with C++
Opening XRC Files
Embedding XRC Files In Code
Using wxrc
Using pywxrc
This is, unfortunately, not possible at this time.
Subclassing Controls
Custom Controls
File: tn0014.txt - Annotated
This is the file which defines XRC. This section provides the full text of the file, cross-references within it, and annotates with extra comments. For now, this is version 1.22, taken from http://cvs.wxwidgets.org/viewcvs.cgi/wxWidgets/docs/tech/tn0014.txt
XRC resources format specification
==================================
!!!!! NOT YET FINISHED !!!!!
0. Introduction
===============
This note describes the file format used for storing XRC resources that are
used by wxXmlResource class. It is probably only useful for those implementing
dialog editors with XRC support.
If you only want to use the resources, you can choose from a number of editors:
a) wxDesigner (http://www.roebling.de)
b) XRCed (wxPython/tools)
c) DialogBlocks (wxPython/tools)
and others listed on the Resources section of the wxWidgets web
site.
The XRC format is based on XML 1.0 (please consult W3C's specification). There
is no DTD available since it is not possible to fully describe the format with
the limited expressive power of DTDs.
Note: see also http://ldaptool.sourceforge.net/XRCGuide/XRCGuideSingle/
1. Terminology
==============
The usual XML terminology applies. In particular, we shall use the terms
NODE, PROPERTY and VALUE in the XML sense:
<node property1="value1" property2="value2">...</node>
The term ATTRIBUTE is specific to XRC and refers to a subnode
of an <object> or <object_ref> node that is itself not <object> or <object_ref>.
In the example below, <pos>, <label> and <style> are attributes, while neither
<resource> nor either of <object>s is:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8">
<resource xmlns="http://www.wxwidgets.org/wxxrc" version="2.5.3.0">
<object class="wxPanel">
<style>wxSUNKEN_BORDER</style> <!-- attr -->
<object class="wxStaticText">
<label>A label</label> <!-- attr -->
<pos>10,10</pos> <!-- attr -->
</object>
</object>
</resource>
ATTRIBUTE VALUE is the content of all text elements within attribute tag. In the
above example, "wxSUNKEN_BORDER", "A label" and "10,10" are attribute values.
ATTRIBUTE TYPE defines what attribute values are valid for given attribute (you
can think of it as attribute value syntax definition).
2. Elementary description
=========================
XRC resource file is a well-formed XML 1.0 document. All elements of XRC file
are from the http://www.wxwidgets.org/wxxrc namespace.
The root node of XRC document must be <resource>. The <resource> node has
optional "version" property. Default version (in absence of the version
property) is "0.0.0.0". The version consists of four integers separated by
periods. Version of XRC format changes only if there was an incompatible
change introduced (i.e. either the library cannot understand old resource
files or older versions of the library wouldn't understand the new format).
The first three integers are major, minor and release number of the wxWidgets
release when the change was introduced, the last one is revision number and
is 0 for the first incompatible change in given wxWidgets release, 1 for
the second etc.
Differences between versions are described within this document in paragraphs
entitled "Version Note".
The <resource> node contains namespace declaration, too:
<resource xmlns="http://www.wxwidgets.org/wxxrc" version="2.5.3.0">
The <resource> node is only allowed to have <object> and <object_ref>
subnodes, all of which must have the "name" property.
The <object> node represents a single object (GUI element) and it usually maps
directly to a wxWidgets class instance. It has the properties: "name", "class"
and "subclass". "class" must always be present, it tells XRC what wxWidgets
object should be created in this place. The other two are optional. "name" is
ID used to identify the object. It is the value passed to the XRCID() macro and
is also used to construct wxWindow's id and name attributes and must be unique
among all children of the nearest container object (wxDialog, wxFrame,
wxPanel, wxNotebook) upside from the object in XML nodes hierarchy (two distinct
containers may contain objects with same "name", though). "subclass" is
optional name of class whose constructor will be called instead of the
constructor for "class". Subclass must be available in the program that loads
the resource, must be derived from "class" and must be registered within
wxWidgets' RTTI system.
Finally, an optional "insert_at" property may be present. Currently only the
values "begin" and "end" are supported, meaning to insert the object in the
beginning of the parent node objects list or to append it at the end (which is
the default if this property is absent).
Example:
<object name="MyList1" class="wxListCtrl" subclass="MyListCtrlClass">
...
</object>
<object> node may have arbitrary child nodes. What child nodes and their
semantics are class-dependent and are defined later in this document. The user
is allowed to register new object handlers within XRC and extend it to accept
new <object> classes (and therefore different <object>'s child nodes).
<object_ref> node is identical to <object>, except that it does _not_ have
"class" property and has additional required property "ref". Its concept is
similar to Unix symlinks: value of the "ref" property is equal to the value of
"name" property of some existing node (called referred node) in the resources
(not necessary top-level). Referred node's "class" property and all subnodes
are copied in place of the referee <object_ref> node which is then processed as
regular <object> node. If the <object_ref> node itself has child nodes, then
these nodes _override_ any nodes from the referred node.
Example:
<object name="foo" class="wxTextCtrl">
<value>hello</value>
<size>100,-1d</size>
</object>
<object_ref name="bar" ref="foo">
<value>bar</value> <!-- override! -->
</object_ref>
is identical to:
<object name="foo" class="wxTextCtrl">
<value>hello</value>
<size>100,-1d</size>
</object>
<object name="bar" class="wxTextCtrl">
<value>bar</value>
<size>100,-1d</size>
</object>
3. Common attribute types
=========================
There are several attribute types (see section 1. Terminology) that are common
to many attributes of different classes:
String
------
Any text. Some characters have special interpretation and are translated
by XRC parser according to this table:
"_" -> "&" ('&' is used to underline e.g. menu items in wxWidgets)
"__" -> "_"
"\n" -> line break (C character '\n')
"\r" -> carriage return (C character '\r')
"\t" -> tab (C character '\t')
"\\" -> "\"
(introduced in version 2.5.3.0, not done in earlier versions)
Version Note:
'$' was used instead of '_' prior to version 2.3.0.1.
I18nString
----------
Like String, but the value is translated to native language using wxLocale
at runtime (unless it was disabled by not passing wxXRC_USE_LOCALE flag to
wxXmlResource constructor). Used for strings that are "visible" in the GUI.
UnsignedInteger
---------------
This is obvious. Only digits 0-9 may be present and there must be at least
one digit.
Integer
-------
Like UnsignedInteger but may be prefixed with '-' (ints less than zero).
Position
--------
Specifies (window's) position in 2D space. Syntax is <integer>,<integer>[d]
where <integer> is valid value of Integer type.
Size
----
Syntax is same as Position's syntax, but the values are interpreted as window
size (wxSize type) and not position (wxPosition type).
Style[wxSomeClass]
------------------
List of style flags that can be passed to wxSomeClass' constructor. Flags are
written in same way as in C++ code (e.g. "wxSUNKEN_BORDER",
"wxHW_SCROLLBAR_NEVER") and are delimited with any combination of whitespaces
and '|'. Possible flags are class-dependent and are not described in this
technote. Please refer to wxWidgets manual for all styles that given class can
accept; if XRC does not accept a flag listed in wxWidgets documentation, it is
a bug.
Bitmap
------
Attribute value is interpreted as filename (either absolute or relative to
the location of XRC resource file). In addition, attribute node may have
"stock_id" and "stock_client" properties. Their values may be any of wxArtID (or
wxArtClient respectively) values as used by wxArtProvider (because the user may
define own constants, effectively any string is legal here). Examples are
"wxART_FILE_OPEN" (id) or "wxART_MENU" (client).
Any of "stock_id" or "stock_client" properties or the filename may be omitted.
XRC determines the bitmap to use according to this algorithm:
1. If there is non-empty "stock_id" property, query wxArtProvider for the
bitmap (if there is no "stock_client", use default one, which is usually
wxART_OTHER; exceptions are noted in class-specific sections below). If
the query fails, continue to 2.
2. Load the bitmap from the file in attribute value.
Boolean
-------
Boolean value, either "0" (false) or "1" (true).
Font
----
Font value. A font can be described either in terms of its elementary
properties, or it can be derived from one of system fonts. The font node
may contain following subnodes (the table lists subnode name on the left and
variable type as per the definitions above on the right side):
size UnsignedInteger
style normal | italic | slant
weight normal | bold | light
family roman | script | decorative | swiss | modern | teletype
underlined Boolean
face comma-separated list of faces
encoding charset of the font (meaningless in Unicode build), as string
sysfont symbolic name of system standard font
(one of wxSYS_*_FONT constants)
relativesize Float, font size relative to choosen system font's size;
can only be used when 'sysfont' is used and when 'size' is not
used
All of them are optional, if they are missing, wxFont default is used.
Examples:
<font>
<face>arial,helvetica</face>
<size>12</size>
</font>
<font>
<sysfont>wxSYS_DEFAULT_GUI_FONT</sysfont>
<weight>bold</weight>
<relativesize>1.5</relativesize>
</font>
Colour
------
A colour value is either explicit RGB value in the standard #rrggbb format
where rr, gg and bb are hexadecimal case-insensitive values in the 00..FF
range, or a symbolic name. Symbolic names are wxSYS_COLOUR_* constants defined
by wxWidgets, written as strings.
Example:
<bg>wxSYS_COLOUR_SCROLLBAR</bg>
<fg>#FF0000</fg>
4. Supported classes
====================
Attributes are listed in tables in the following format:
attribute name attribute type default value, if any
[(optional remarks....................
...................................)]
wxBitmap
--------
This is a special case, because it does not create a wxWindow instance but
creates wxBitmap instead. Another exceptional thing is that it does not have
any attributes. Instead, the node itself is interpreted as if it were attribute
of type Bitmap.
Example: <object class="wxBitmap">bitmaps/foo.gif</object>
wxIcon
------
Identical to wxBitmap class, except that it creates wxIcon instead of wxBitmap.
wxButton
--------
pos Position -1,-1
size Size -1,-1
style Style[wxButton]
label I18nString
default Boolean false
(Is the button default button?)
wxCalendarCtrl
--------------
pos Position -1,-1
size Size -1,-1
style Style[wxCalendarCtrl]
wxCheckBox
----------
pos Position -1,-1
size Size -1,-1
style Style[wxCheckBox]
checked Boolean false
wxCheckList
-----------
pos Position -1,-1
size Size -1,-1
style Style[wxCheckList]
content (see below) (empty)
Optional "content" attribute does not have attribute value. Instead,
arbitrary number of <item> nodes may be rooted under it (the control
is filled with strings contained in these nodes). Each <item>
node must contain I18nString value and may have "checked" property
with possible values "0" or "1" indicating the the item is initially
checked.
Example:
<object class="wxCheckList">
<content>
<item>One</item>
<item checked="1">Two</item>
<item checked="1">Three</item>
<item>Four</item>
</content>
</object>
wxDatePickerCtrl
----------------
pos Position -1,-1
size Size -1,-1
style Style[wxDatePickerCtrl]
wxDialog
--------
pos Position -1,-1
size Size -1,-1
style Style[wxDialog] wxDEFAULT_DIALOG_STYLE
title I18nString ""
icon Bitmap (empty)
centered Boolean false
wxDialog may have children objects.
wxFrame
--------
pos Position -1,-1
size Size -1,-1
style Style[wxDialog] wxDEFAULT_FRAME_STYLE
title I18nString ""
icon Bitmap (empty)
centered Boolean false
wxFrame may have children objects. There can be at most one wxToolBar,
wxMenuBar and wxStatusBar children; objects of these types are automatically
set as frame's tool-, menu- and statusbar respectively.
wxMDIParentFrame
----------------
Supports same attributes and children nodes as wxFrame. Additionally, children
may be of the wxMDIChildFrame type.
wxMDIChildFrame
---------------
Supports same attributes and children nodes as wxFrame.
wxScrolledWindow
----------------
pos Position -1,-1
size Size -1,-1
style Style[wxScrolledWindow] wxHSCROLL | wxVSCROLL
wxScolledWindow may have children objects.
wxSplitterWindow
----------------
pos Position -1,-1
size Size -1,-1
style Style[wxSplitterWindow] wxSP_3D
sashpos Integer 0
(Initial sash position)
minsize Integer -1
(Minimal panel size)
orientation "horizontal"|"vertical" horizontal
wxSplitterWindow must have at least one and at most two children objects.
If there's only one child object, it is passed to wxSplitterWindow::Initialize
and the splitter is created unsplit. If there are two children, the
splitter is created split, either horizontally or vertically depending
on the value of "orientation" attribute.
wxStatusBar
-----------
fields Integer number of fields
widths Width1, Width2, Width3, ...
wxToolBar
---------
pos Position -1,-1
size Size -1,-1
style Style[wxToolBar] wxNO_BORDER|wxTB_HORIZONTAL
bitmapsize Size -1,-1
(Size of contained bitmaps)
margins Size -1,-1
packing Integer -1
separation Integer -1
bg Background colour None
dontattachtoframe Boolean False
wxToolBar node may have children <object> and <object_ref> nodes. Their class
may be either "tool", "separator" or any wxWidgets class derived from
wxControl. "tool" and "separator" are special pseudo-classes that may only
appear within wxToolBar node. Their attributes are as follows:
separator
---------
(doesn't have any attributes)
tool
----
bitmap Bitmap
bitmap2 Bitmap wxNullBitmap
toggle Boolean 0
radio Boolean 0
disabled Boolean 0
label I18nString ""
tooltip I18nString ""
longhelp I18nString ""
pos Position -1,-1
Constraints:
At most one of "toggle" and "radio" attributes may be 1.
Attribute "pos" may not appear if "label" or "radio" attributes
are used or if parent wxToolBar's style contains wxTB_TEXT.
Note:
Use of "pos" attribute is strongly discouraged, it is deprecated
usage of wxToolBar and it is not supported by MSW and GTK
implementations.
Children objects are added to the toolbar using AddTool for "tool" class,
AddSeparator for "separator" and AddControl for other classes.
5. More features
================
FIXME -- "platform" property handling
=== EOF ===
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